Example 1: This example shows how to use the concentration technique using keywords while studying. The following article (in blue font) is about the guitar and is taken from Wikipedia. Here the keyword Guitar can be used. Start reading each sentence slowly and while reading, whenever you feel distracted or not able to understand or concentrate, start saying the keyword guitar, guitar, guitar, guitar, guitar until your mind comes back to the article and then you can continue your reading. Note that for this whole article only single keyword ‘guitar’ is used.
“The Guitar is, and has always been, a social instrument. In all its forms, it has always been a portable, multi-stringed instrument made for public hearing. Even today, there's nothing better than hanging out with some friends and being able to strum a few songs on the guitar. And if you've just bought your first guitar, then you're in luck: you can play literally thousands of popular songs by learning just a handful of chords. But playing the guitar is more than just struggling through a half-recognizable version of some song, it also requires good technique.
The guitar can be played in many positions, but some positions are clearly more efficient than others. The choice of position is personal, but clear guidelines exist. Some basic considerations in determining a chosen playing position include:
- the physical stability of the instrument
- ensuring the freedom of both hands such that they have thorough access to the instrument and can meet all technical demands without having to support the instrument
- elimination of general muscular tension in the assumed body position. While it is natural for a beginner to experience fatigue in the muscles of his hands and arms, you must be careful to sit straight and not cause damage to your spine and waist. If you do experience pain in those regions it is possible that the position is harmful and must be changed to prevent damage.
Many beginners try and turn the guitar towards themselves, so they can look down at the frets and soundhole. Curling the guitar towards yourself in such a way actually makes it more difficult to fret the strings efficiently, because you have to curl your wrist more. This tension can be harmful. Beginners are also often inclined to put their elbow too high or low, which leads to cramping. Ideally your arm and shoulder should be relaxed.
It may take a beginner several weeks until holding the guitar feels comfortable and natural. By using efficient hand positions and not straining, the muscles in the arm and hands will get stronger. If you ever feel pain you should immediately stop and ascertain the cause of pain before continuing. Sometimes discomfort is due merely to fatigue and a period of rest will be all that is required.”
Example 2: This example also shows how to use the above concentration technique while studying technical subjects. Read the article below (in blue font) slowly about the computer. This article is also taken from Wikipedia. The article contains five paragraphs. The words underlined in the article are the keywords that you should keep saying whenever you feel distracted or not able to concentrate or understand until you get back to the sentence that you are reading. Notice that the keyword keeps changing in each paragraph. In the first paragraph, you are reading about computer. Your mind now visualizes a computer picture, so the keyword you can use is computer. Whenever you feel distracted while reading the first paragraph, you should start saying computer, computer, computer, computer, computer, computer, until your mind again visualizes the computer picture and then you can continue your reading. In second paragraph, the keyword changes to control unit since we are reading about the control unit. The keyword may change inside the paragraph also as you see in the third paragraph. In the third paragraph, during the first sentence the keyword used is ALU but it changes to arithmetic operations in the second sentence and to logic operations in the third sentence. So when you are reading second sentence, if you feel distracted or your mind wanders somewhere you start saying arithmetic operations, arithmetic operations, arithmetic operations in your mind until you get back to the second sentence in the third paragraph.
“ Computer: The computer is a general purpose device that can be programmed to carry out a finite set of arithmetic or logical operations. Since a sequence of operations can be readily changed, the computer can solve more than one kind of problem. A general purpose computer has four main components: the control unit, the arithmetic and logic unit (ALU), the memory, and the input and output devices (collectively termed I/O). These parts are interconnected by busses, often made of groups of wires .
Control unit : The control unit manages the computer's various components. It reads and interprets (decodes) the program instructions, transforming them into a series of control signals which activate other parts of the computer. Control unit in advanced computers may change the order of some instructions so as to improve performance.
Arithmetic and logic unit (ALU): The ALU is capable of performing two classes of operations: arithmetic and logic. The set of arithmetic operations that a particular ALU supports may be limited to addition and subtraction, multiplication, division, trigonometry functions such as sine, cosine, etc., and square roots. Logic operations involve Boolean logic: AND, OR, XOR and NOT. These can be useful for creating complicated conditional statements and processing boolean logic.
Memory: A computer's memory can be viewed as a list of cells into which numbers can be placed or read. Each cell has a numbered "address" and can store a single number. The computer can be instructed to "put the number 123 into the cell numbered 1357" or to "add the number that is in cell 1357 to the number that is in cell 2468 and put the answer into cell 1595". The information stored in memory may represent practically anything. Letters, numbers, even computer instructions can be placed into memory with equal ease.
Input/output (I/O): I/O is the means by which a computer exchanges information with the outside world. Devices that provide input or output to the computer are called peripherals. On a typical personal computer, peripherals include input devices like the keyboard and mouse, and output devices such as the display and printer. “
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